Appendix A
This index lists every Scripture reference discussed in the body of the book, organized by biblical book in canonical order. Each entry shows the reference, the chapter (or chapters) where the passage receives substantive treatment, and a short topic phrase. When a passage is owned by one chapter for in-depth exegesis but is also referenced briefly elsewhere, the chapter listed is the primary home (per Section 1.5 of the master prompt). Cross-references in the body of the book point readers to the chapter where each passage is treated most fully.
How to read these entries. The reference comes first in bold, followed by the chapter number(s) in small caps, followed by a short topic phrase. For example: Hebrews 9:27–28 Ch. 18 "Once to die, then judgment" — central objection answered.
Genesis 2:7 Ch. 6 Formation of man; neshamah and nephesh chayyah.
Genesis 19:24 Ch. 25 Fire from the Lord on Sodom and Gomorrah.
Genesis 35:18 Ch. 6 Rachel's nephesh departing at her death.
Genesis 37:35 Ch. 21 Jacob expects to descend to Sheol.
Exodus 3:2–6 Ch. 25 The burning bush as fire-theophany.
Exodus 13:21–22 Ch. 25 Pillar of fire as God's presence.
Exodus 19:18 Ch. 25 Mount Sinai ablaze with God's presence.
Leviticus 10:1–2 Ch. 25 Fire from the Lord; Nadab and Abihu.
Numbers 11:1 Ch. 25 Fire from the Lord at Taberah.
Numbers 16:30, 33 Ch. 21 Korah's company descending alive to Sheol.
Numbers 16:35 Ch. 25 Fire from the Lord; Korah's rebellion.
Deuteronomy 4:11–12, 33, 36 Ch. 25 Sinai theophany; voice from the fire.
Deuteronomy 4:24 Ch. 25 "Our God is a consuming fire."
Deuteronomy 5:4–5, 22–26 Ch. 25 Sinai theophany; God speaks from fire.
Deuteronomy 8:5 Ch. 22 God disciplines as a father his son.
Deuteronomy 32:22 Ch. 21 Fire kindled to the depths of Sheol.
1 Samuel 2:6 Ch. 21 The Lord brings down to Sheol and raises up.
1 Samuel 28 Chs. 6, 9 Samuel's spirit at Endor; conscious dead.
2 Samuel 22:6 Ch. 21 Cords of Sheol entangling the psalmist.
1 Kings 17:21–22 Ch. 6 Elijah; nephesh returning to the boy.
2 Kings 1:10–12 Ch. 25 Fire from heaven at Elijah's word.
2 Kings 23:10 Ch. 21 Topheth in the Valley of Hinnom defiled.
2 Chronicles 28:3 Ch. 21 Child sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom.
2 Chronicles 33:6 Ch. 21 Manasseh's child sacrifice in Hinnom.
Job 7:9 Ch. 21 The dead going down to Sheol.
Job 11:8; 14:13; 17:13, 16; 26:6 Ch. 21 Sheol as deep, hidden, naked before God.
Job 19:25–27 Ch. 17 "I know that my Redeemer lives"; resurrection hope.
Psalm 6:5 Ch. 21 No remembrance of God in Sheol.
Psalm 9:17 Ch. 21 Wicked returning to Sheol.
Psalm 16:10 Chs. 17, 21 "You will not abandon my soul to Sheol."
Psalm 18:5; 30:3; 31:17; 55:15 Ch. 21 Sheol imagery in OT psalms.
Psalm 49:14–15 Chs. 17, 21 "God will ransom my soul from Sheol."
Psalm 68:18 Ch. 13 "He led captivity captive"; Paul's quotation in Ephesians 4.
Psalm 86:13 Ch. 21 Soul delivered from depths of Sheol.
Psalm 88 Ch. 21 A righteous sufferer's lament from Sheol.
Psalm 88:3 Ch. 21 Soul drawing near to Sheol.
Psalm 89:48 Ch. 21 No one delivers his soul from Sheol.
Psalm 116:3 Ch. 21 Pangs of Sheol laying hold.
Psalm 139:8 Chs. 16, 17, 21 "If I make my bed in Sheol, You are there."
Psalm 141:7 Ch. 21 Bones scattered at the mouth of Sheol.
Proverbs 1:12; 5:5; 7:27; 9:18 Ch. 21 Sheol in Wisdom Literature; the snare of folly.
Proverbs 3:11–12 Ch. 22 "The Lord disciplines those whom He loves."
Proverbs 11:7 Ch. 19 "When the wicked dies, his hope perishes" — objection answered.
Proverbs 15:11, 24; 23:14; 27:20; 30:16 Ch. 21 Sheol references in Proverbs.
Proverbs 26:4–5 Ch. 19 Contradictory proverbs; situational wisdom.
Ecclesiastes 9:10 Ch. 21 No work or knowledge in Sheol.
Ecclesiastes 12:7 Ch. 6 Spirit (ruach) returns to God who gave it.
Song of Solomon 8:6 Ch. 21 Jealousy fierce as Sheol.
Isaiah 1:24–26 Chs. 22, 25 Refining fire that purges away dross.
Isaiah 2:2–4 Ch. 17 Nations streaming to the mountain of the Lord.
Isaiah 5:14 Ch. 21 Sheol enlarges its appetite.
Isaiah 7:11 Ch. 21 A sign deep as Sheol.
Isaiah 14:9–15 Ch. 21 Conscious shades speaking in Sheol.
Isaiah 19:23–25 Ch. 17 Egypt and Assyria blessed alongside Israel.
Isaiah 25:6–8 Chs. 16, 17 "He will swallow up death forever."
Isaiah 26:19 Ch. 17 "Your dead shall live; their bodies shall rise."
Isaiah 28:15, 18 Ch. 21 Covenant with death and Sheol annulled.
Isaiah 33:14–15 Ch. 25 Who can dwell with the consuming fire?
Isaiah 38:10, 18 Ch. 21 Hezekiah's lament; Sheol does not praise.
Isaiah 38:18 Ch. 19 "Sheol does not thank you" — objection answered.
Isaiah 43:2 Ch. 25 "When you walk through fire, you shall not be burned."
Isaiah 45:22–24 Chs. 14, 17 "Every knee shall bow"; background for Philippians 2.
Isaiah 57:9 Ch. 21 Sending envoys far off to Sheol.
Isaiah 66:24 Ch. 21 "Their worm shall not die"; background of Gehenna imagery.
Jeremiah 7:31, 32 Ch. 21 Topheth and the Valley of Slaughter.
Jeremiah 17:27 Ch. 21 "Unquenchable fire" — fire that ends.
Jeremiah 19:2–6, 6 Ch. 21 Judgment on the Valley of Hinnom.
Jeremiah 30:11 Ch. 22 God's discipline measured, not destruction.
Jeremiah 32:35 Ch. 21 Child sacrifice to Molech in Hinnom.
Lamentations 3:31–33 Ch. 2 "He does not afflict from His heart"; lo me-libbo.
Ezekiel 1:26–28 Ch. 25 Theophany of fire and brightness.
Ezekiel 31:15–17 Ch. 21 Nations descending to Sheol.
Ezekiel 32:21, 27 Ch. 21 Mighty fallen lying in Sheol.
Ezekiel 33:11 Ch. 2 "I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked."
Ezekiel 34:12–16 Ch. 2 God seeking His scattered flock.
Ezekiel 37 Ch. 17 Vision of the valley of dry bones.
Daniel 3 Ch. 25 The fiery furnace; fire destroys only the bonds.
Daniel 7:9–10 Ch. 25 Ancient of Days; throne and river of fire.
Daniel 12:2 Chs. 6, 17 Resurrection of the just and unjust.
Daniel 12:10 Ch. 19 Apocalyptic urgency; parallel to Revelation 22:11.
Hosea 5:15–6:3 Ch. 22 God wounds in order to heal.
Hosea 13:14 Chs. 15, 17, 21 "O Death, where is thy sting?"; cited in 1 Corinthians 15.
Amos 9:2 Ch. 21 No escape from God, even in Sheol.
Jonah 2:2 Ch. 21 Crying for help from the belly of Sheol.
Habakkuk 2:5 Ch. 21 Sheol's appetite never satisfied.
Zechariah 13:9 Ch. 25 Refining as silver and testing as gold.
Zechariah 14:9 Ch. 17 "The Lord will be king over all the earth."
Malachi 3:2–3 Chs. 22, 25 The refiner's fire and fuller's soap.
Matthew 5:22, 29–30 Ch. 21 Jesus' Gehenna sayings; warning imagery.
Matthew 5:25–26 Ch. 16 "Until you have paid the last penny"; release implied.
Matthew 7:21–23 Ch. 19 "I never knew you" — objection answered.
Matthew 8:12 Ch. 21 Outer darkness; exclusion from the banquet.
Matthew 10:28 Chs. 6, 21, 34 Body and soul; "destroy" supports annihilation.
Matthew 11:21–24 Ch. 22 Degrees of judgment for unrepentant cities.
Matthew 11:23 Ch. 21 Capernaum brought down to Hades.
Matthew 12:32 Chs. 16, 32 Some sins forgivable "in the age to come."
Matthew 12:40 Ch. 13 Three days "in the heart of the earth."
Matthew 16:18 Ch. 21 "Gates of Hades shall not prevail."
Matthew 17:1–8 Ch. 6 Transfiguration; Moses and Elijah conscious.
Matthew 18:9 Ch. 21 Jesus' Gehenna saying; warning.
Matthew 20:1–15 Ch. 29 Vineyard workers; eleventh-hour wage.
Matthew 22:13 Ch. 21 Outer darkness; wedding banquet parable.
Matthew 23:15, 33 Ch. 21 Sons of Gehenna; serpent's brood.
Matthew 25:30 Ch. 21 Outer darkness; the worthless servant.
Matthew 25:31–46 Ch. 36 The judgment of the sheep and goats.
Matthew 25:46 Ch. 20 Aiōnios punishment vs. aiōnios life.
Matthew 28:18–20 Ch. 29 The Great Commission; obedience-based motivation.
Mark 9:43–48 Ch. 21 Gehenna, unquenchable fire, undying worm.
Mark 16:15 Ch. 29 "Go into all the world" — Great Commission.
Luke 8:31 Ch. 21 Demons begging not to be sent to the abyss.
Luke 9:30–31 Ch. 9 Moses and Elijah speaking with Jesus.
Luke 10:15 Ch. 21 Capernaum brought down to Hades.
Luke 12:5 Ch. 21 Fear Him who can cast into Gehenna.
Luke 12:47–48 Chs. 22, 36 Degrees of punishment imply finite duration.
Luke 12:58–59 Ch. 16 "Until you have paid the last penny."
Luke 15 Ch. 2 Lost sheep, coin, son; relentless seeker.
Luke 16:19–31 Chs. 18, 21 Lazarus and the rich man; Hades, not final state.
Luke 16:23 Ch. 21 Rich man in Hades, not the Lake of Fire.
Luke 23:43 Ch. 6 "Today you will be with Me in paradise."
Luke 23:46 Ch. 6 "Father, into Your hands I commit My spirit."
John 3:16–17 Ch. 3 "God so loved the world"; kosmos as universal scope.
John 3:36 Ch. 19 "Wrath of God remains" — objection answered.
John 5:25–29 Ch. 16 "The dead will hear the voice of the Son."
John 8:24 Ch. 19 "You will die in your sins" — objection answered.
John 10:10 Ch. 38 Jesus came to bring abundant life.
John 11:11 Ch. 6 Lazarus's "sleep"; soul-sleep objection.
John 14:6 Ch. 31 "I am the way, the truth, and the life."
Acts 1:8 Ch. 29 Witnesses to the ends of the earth.
Acts 2:24–31 Ch. 13 Christ not abandoned to Hades; Psalm 16 fulfilled.
Acts 2:27, 31 Ch. 21 Christ's soul not left in Hades.
Acts 7:59 Ch. 6 Stephen: "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit."
Romans 1:18–32 Ch. 30 Outcome of general revelation is condemnation.
Romans 1:19–20 Ch. 30 General revelation in creation; "without excuse."
Romans 2:5–16 Ch. 36 Final judgment; God's righteous verdict.
Romans 2:14–15 Ch. 30 Conscience and the law written on hearts.
Romans 5:8 Ch. 2 Christ died while we were still sinners.
Romans 5:12–21 Ch. 15 The Adam-Christ parallel; the scope of "all."
Romans 5:20 Ch. 19 "Where sin abounded, grace abounded much more."
Romans 6:1 Ch. 30 "Shall we sin that grace may abound?" — presumption.
Romans 6:23 Ch. 34 "The wages of sin is death."
Romans 8:35–39 Ch. 2 Nothing can separate us from God's love.
Romans 8:38–39 Chs. 38, 39 "Neither death nor life" — closing meditation.
Romans 10:6–7 Ch. 13 Descending into the abyss; Christ's descent.
Romans 10:14–17 Ch. 31 "Faith comes from hearing"; necessity of preaching.
Romans 11:32 Ch. 19 "God consigned all to disobedience to have mercy on all."
Romans 11:32–36 Ch. 14 "Mercy on all"; doxology of God's wisdom.
Romans 14:9 Ch. 15 "Lord of both the dead and the living."
1 Corinthians 3:11–15 Chs. 16, 25, 32 Each one's work tested by fire.
1 Corinthians 3:12–15 Ch. 25 Universal fire; saved as through fire.
1 Corinthians 15:22–28 Ch. 14 "All in Adam... all in Christ"; God all in all.
1 Corinthians 15:29 Ch. 15 Baptism for the dead; status of the dead.
1 Corinthians 15:54–55 Ch. 15 "Death, where is your sting?"; Hosea cited.
2 Corinthians 5:1–8 Ch. 6 "Away from the body, at home with the Lord."
2 Corinthians 5:10 Chs. 18, 36 Judgment seat of Christ; "in the body."
2 Corinthians 5:14 Ch. 29 "The love of Christ controls us."
2 Corinthians 5:14–15, 19 Ch. 3 "One died for all"; reconciling the world.
Galatians 6:7–8 Ch. 19 "What one sows, he reaps" — objection answered.
Ephesians 1:9–10 Ch. 14 "To unite all things in Him"; anakephalaioō.
Ephesians 4:8–10 Ch. 13 "Lower parts of the earth"; descent to Hades.
Philippians 1:21–23 Ch. 6 "To depart and be with Christ is far better."
Philippians 2:9–11 Ch. 14 "Every knee shall bow"; the highest name.
Colossians 1:15–20 Ch. 14 All things created and reconciled in Christ.
Colossians 2:15 Ch. 13 Triumph over rulers and authorities.
1 Thessalonians 4:13–14 Ch. 6 "Those who sleep in Jesus" — soul-sleep objection.
2 Thessalonians 1:8–9 Ch. 19 "Eternal destruction" — objection answered.
2 Thessalonians 1:9 Ch. 24 Apo prosōpou: destruction from God's presence.
1 Timothy 2:3–4 Ch. 2 God desires all people to be saved.
1 Timothy 2:5–6 Ch. 3 "A ransom for all"; one mediator.
1 Timothy 4:10 Ch. 3 "Savior of all people, especially of believers."
Titus 2:11 Ch. 3 "Grace bringing salvation for all people."
Hebrews 2:9 Ch. 3 "Tasted death for everyone."
Hebrews 9:25–28 Ch. 18 Context of the once-for-all sacrifice.
Hebrews 9:27–28 Ch. 18 "Once to die, then judgment" — central objection answered.
Hebrews 12:1 Ch. 6 "Cloud of witnesses"; the dead aware.
Hebrews 12:5–11 Ch. 22 "The Lord disciplines the one He loves."
Hebrews 12:14 Ch. 32 "Holiness without which no one will see the Lord."
Hebrews 12:23 Chs. 6, 12 "Spirits of the righteous made perfect."
Hebrews 12:29 Ch. 25 "Our God is a consuming fire."
James 2:19 Ch. 37 "Demons believe and shudder"; informed but unrepentant.
James 2:26 Ch. 6 "Body without the spirit is dead."
1 Peter 1:7 Ch. 25 Faith tested by fire as gold.
1 Peter 1:20 Ch. 30 Christ foreknown before the foundation of the world.
1 Peter 3:18–4:6 Chs. 11, 12 Christ preaches gospel to the dead in Hades.
1 Peter 3:18–20 Ch. 11 Spirits in prison; descent passage.
1 Peter 3:19 Ch. 11 "He went and preached"; poreutheis ekēryxen.
1 Peter 4:6 Chs. 11, 30 "The gospel was preached even to the dead."
2 Peter 2:4 Ch. 21 Tartarus; rebellious angels held for judgment.
2 Peter 3:9 Ch. 2 "Not wishing that any should perish."
1 John 2:2 Ch. 3 Propitiation for the sins of the whole world.
1 John 3:14 Ch. 19 "Passed from death to life"; conditional state.
1 John 4:8, 16 Ch. 2 "God is love"; the ontological claim.
Jude 7 Ch. 20 "Eternal fire" of Sodom and Gomorrah.
Revelation 1:14–16 Ch. 25 Christ with eyes of fire; theophany imagery.
Revelation 1:18 Ch. 21 Christ holds the keys of Death and Hades.
Revelation 3:5 Ch. 19 Names blotted from the Book of Life.
Revelation 5:13 Ch. 16 "Every creature... singing praise" universally.
Revelation 6:8 Ch. 21 Death and Hades following the pale rider.
Revelation 6:9–11 Chs. 6, 9 Souls under the altar; conscious dead.
Revelation 9:1–2, 11 Ch. 21 The abyss; demonic holding place.
Revelation 11:7 Ch. 21 The beast rising from the abyss.
Revelation 13:8 Ch. 19 The Book of Life of the slain Lamb.
Revelation 14:10 Chs. 23, 25 Torment "in the presence of the Lamb."
Revelation 17:8 Chs. 19, 21 Beast from the abyss; Book of Life.
Revelation 19:20 Ch. 21 Beast cast into the Lake of Fire.
Revelation 20 Chs. 16, 30 Final judgment and Lake of Fire.
Revelation 20–22 Ch. 16 Judgment and the New Jerusalem narrative.
Revelation 20:1–3 Ch. 21 Satan bound in the abyss.
Revelation 20:9 Ch. 25 Fire from heaven consumes the rebels.
Revelation 20:10 Ch. 21 Lake of Fire; devil, beast, false prophet.
Revelation 20:11–15 Ch. 36 Great White Throne Judgment.
Revelation 20:12, 15 Ch. 19 Judgment by the Book of Life.
Revelation 20:13–14 Ch. 21 Death and Hades thrown into the Lake of Fire.
Revelation 20:14 Ch. 34 "This is the second death."
Revelation 21–22 Chs. 33, 36 New Jerusalem; healing of the nations.
Revelation 21:8 Ch. 21 Lake of Fire as the second death.
Revelation 21:25 Chs. 16, 19 Gates of New Jerusalem "never shut."
Revelation 21:27 Ch. 19 Only those in the Book of Life enter.
Revelation 22:2 Chs. 16, 19 "Leaves of the tree for the healing of the nations."
Revelation 22:11 Ch. 19 "Let the filthy still be filthy" — objection answered.
The following references are not part of the Protestant biblical canon but are mentioned in the body of the book in the contexts noted. They are listed here for completeness; they are not treated as Scripture by the author.
2 Maccabees 12:39–45 Ch. 32 Prayers for the dead; Catholic proof text for purgatory.
2 Clement 8:3 Ch. 19 "After we depart... we cannot repent" — non-canonical objection.
A note on cross-references. Some passages appear in more than one chapter because they bear on more than one argument — for instance, Hosea 13:14 is examined for the Pauline citation in Ch. 15, surveyed as part of OT redemption-from-Sheol theology in Ch. 17, and re-cited in the taxonomy of Sheol in Ch. 21. The chapter listed first is normally the primary home where the passage is exegeted in depth; the others provide brief cross-references back to that home chapter, per Section 1.5 of the book's working method. If you are tracking a single passage through the argument, start with the first chapter listed and follow the cross-references from there.